Ukukhanya kwelanga kuyigagasi likagesi, elihlukaniswe ukukhanya okubonakalayo nokukhanya okungabonakali. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kubhekisela kulokho iso lenyama elingakubona, njengokukhanya kothingo olunemibala eyisikhombisa okubomvu, okusawolintshi, okuphuzi, okuluhlaza okotshani, okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, oku-indigo, nokunsomi ekukhanyeni kwelanga; ukukhanya okungabonakali kubhekisela kulokho okungenakubonwa ngeso lenyama, njenge-ultraviolet, infrared, njll. Ukukhanya kwelanga esivame ukukubona ngeso lenyama kumhlophe. Kuqinisekisiwe ukuthi ukukhanya kwelanga okumhlophe kwakhiwe imibala eyisikhombisa yokukhanya okubonakalayo nemisebe ye-ultraviolet engabonakali, ama-X-ray, α, β, γ, imisebe ye-infrared, ama-microwave namaza okusakaza. Ibhande ngalinye lokukhanya kwelanga linemisebenzi ehlukene kanye nezinto ezibonakalayo. Manje, bafundi abathandekayo, sicela nilandele umbhali ukuze sikhulume ngokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.
Ngokuya ngemiphumela ehlukene yezinto eziphilayo, imisebe ye-ultraviolet ihlukaniswe yaba amabhande amane ngokobude begagasi: i-UVA yamaza amade, i-UVB emaphakathi, i-UVC yamaza amafushane, kanye ne-vacuum wave UVD. Uma ubude begagasi bude, buqina amandla okungena.
I-Long Wave UVA, enobude obungu-320 kuya ku-400 nm, ibizwa nangokuthi ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwamaza amagagasi amade. Inamandla okungena aqinile futhi ingangena engilazini ngisho namafidi angu-9 amanzi; ikhona unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liguqubele noma libalele, imini noma ebusuku.
Ngaphezu kwama-95% emisebe ye-ultraviolet isikhumba sethu esihlangana nayo nsuku zonke i-UVA. I-UVA ingangena ku-epidermis futhi ihlasele i-dermis, ibangele umonakalo omkhulu ku-collagen ne-elastin esikhumbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amangqamuzana esikhumba anekhono eliphansi lokuzivikela, ngakho inani elincane kakhulu le-UVA lingabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinkinga ezifana nokuwohloka kwesikhumba, imibimbi, nokuvela kwama-capillaries.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingenza i-tyrosinase isebenze, okuholela ekufakweni kwe-melanin ngokushesha kanye nokwakheka okusha kwe-melanin, okwenza isikhumba sibe mnyama futhi singabengezeli. I-UVA ingabangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside, ongapheli futhi ohlala njalo kanye nokuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesikhumba, ngakho-ke ibizwa nangokuthi imisebe yokuguga. Ngakho-ke, i-UVA iphinde ibe ubude begagasi obuyingozi kakhulu esikhumbeni.
Konke kunezinhlangothi ezimbili. Ngokomunye umbono, i-UVA inemiphumela yayo emihle. Imisebe ye-UVA ye-ultraviolet enobude obungamaza angu-360nm ihambisana nejika lokuphendula le-phototaxis lezinambuzane futhi ingasetshenziswa ukwenza izicupho zezinambuzane. Imisebe ye-UVA ye-ultraviolet enobude obungu-300-420nm ingadlula kumalambu engilazi anombala okhethekile anqamule ukukhanya okubonakalayo, futhi akhiphe ukukhanya okuseduze kwe-ultraviolet kuphela okugxile ku-365nm. Ingasetshenziswa ekuhlonzeni insimbi, ekuhlobiseni isiteji, ekuhloleni imali yemali ebhalwe phansi nakwezinye izindawo.
I-UVB yamagagasi amaphakathi, ubude begagasi obungu-275~320nm, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-medium wave erythema effect ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokungena kwe-UVA, kuthathwa njengokumaphakathi. Ubude bayo obufushane buzomuncwa ingilazi ekhanyelayo. Iningi lokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kwamagagasi aphakathi eliqukethwe ekukhanyeni kwelanga limuncwa ungqimba lwe-ozone. Ngaphansi kuka-2% kuphela ongafinyelela ebusweni bomhlaba. Izoba namandla ikakhulukazi ehlobo nantambama.
Njenge-UVA, izophinde ifake i-oxidize ungqimba lwe-lipid oluvikelayo lwe-epidermis, yomise isikhumba; Ngokuqhubekayo, izokhipha ama-nucleic acid namaprotheni kumaseli e-epidermal, okubangela izimpawu ezifana ne-acute dermatitis (okungukuthi, ukushisa kwelanga), futhi isikhumba sizophenduka sibe bomvu. , ubuhlungu. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengokuchayeka elangeni isikhathi eside, kungase kubangele umdlavuza wesikhumba kalula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umonakalo wesikhathi eside ovela ku-UVB ungabangela nokuguqulwa kwama-melanocyte, kubangele amabala elanga okunzima ukuwaqeda.
Nokho, abantu bathole ngocwaningo lwesayensi ukuthi i-UVB nayo iwusizo. Amalambu ezempilo e-Ultraviolet namalambu okukhula kwezitshalo enziwe ngengilazi ekhethekile ekhanyayo onsomi (engadluliseli ukukhanya okungaphansi kuka-254nm) kanye nama-phosphor anenani eliphakeme elisondele ku-300nm.
I-UVC yegagasi elifushane, enobude obungu-200~275nm, ibizwa nangokuthi i-short-wave sterilizing ultraviolet light. Inamandla okungena abuthakathaka futhi ayikwazi ukungena engilazini esobala kakhulu namapulasitiki. Ngisho nephepha elincanyana lingawuvimba. Imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafushane etholakala ekukhanyeni kwelanga icishe imuncwe ngokuphelele ungqimba lwe-ozone ngaphambi kokuba ifike phansi.
Nakuba i-UVC ngokwemvelo imuncwa ungqimba lwe-ozone ngaphambi kokufika phansi, umthelela wayo esikhumbeni awunalutho, kodwa imisebe ye-ultraviolet yamaza amafushane ayikwazi ukukhanyisela umzimba womuntu ngokuqondile. Uma sivezwa ngokuqondile, isikhumba sizoshiswa ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi ukuchayeka isikhathi eside noma okunamandla kungase kubangele umdlavuza wesikhumba.
Imiphumela yemisebe ye-ultraviolet kubhendi ye-UVC inkulu kakhulu. Isibonelo: Izibani ze-UV ezibulala amagciwane zikhipha imisebe ye-UVC yamaza amafushane e-ultraviolet. I-Short-wave UV isetshenziswa kabanzi ezibhedlela, ama-air conditioning systems, amakhabethe okubulala amagciwane, okokuhlanza amanzi, imithombo yokuphuza, izindawo zokukhuculula indle, amachibi okubhukuda, ukucubungula ukudla nesiphuzo kanye nemishini yokupakisha, izimboni zokudla, izimboni zezimonyo, izimboni zobisi, izindawo zotshwala, amafekthri eziphuzo, Izindawo ezinjengamabhikawozi namagumbi okugcina abandayo.
Kafushane, izinzuzo zokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet yilezi: 1. Ukubulala amagciwane kanye nokuvalwa inzalo; 2. Khuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwamathambo; 3. Ilungele umbala wegazi; 4. Ngezikhathi ezithile, ingakwazi ukwelapha izifo ezithile zesikhumba; 5. Ingakhuthaza umzimba wamaminerali kanye nokwakheka kwevithamini D emzimbeni; 6. , khuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo, njll.
Ububi bemisebe ye-ultraviolet yilezi: 1. Ukuchayeka ngokuqondile kuzodala ukuguga kwesikhumba kanye nemibimbi; 2. Amabala esikhumba; 3. I-Dermatitis; 4. Ukuchayeka okuqondile isikhathi eside kanye nenani elikhulu kungase kubangele umdlavuza wesikhumba.
Ungakugwema kanjani ukulimala kwemisebe ye-UVC emzimbeni womuntu? Njengoba imisebe ye-UVC ultraviolet inokungena okubuthakathaka ngokwedlulele, ingavinjelwa ngokuphelele ingilazi esobala evamile, izingubo, amapulasitiki, uthuli, njll. Ngakho-ke, ngokugqoka izibuko (uma ungenayo izibuko, gwema ukubuka ngqo isibani se-UV) futhi ukumboza isikhumba sakho esiveziwe ngezingubo ngangokunokwenzeka, ungavikela amehlo akho nesikhumba ku-UV
Kuhle ukusho ukuthi ukuchayeka emisebeni ye-ultraviolet yesikhashana kufana nokuchayeka elangeni elishisayo. Ayiwulimazi umzimba womuntu kodwa inenzuzo. Imisebe ye-UVB ye-ultraviolet ingakhuthaza umzimba wamaminerali kanye nokwakheka kwe-vitamin D emzimbeni.
Okokugcina, i-vacuum wave UVD inobude begagasi obungu-100-200nm, engasabalala endaweni engenalutho futhi inekhono lokungena elibuthaka kakhulu. Ingakwazi ukukhipha umoya-mpilo osemoyeni ube yi-ozone, ebizwa ngokuthi i-ozone generation line, engekho endaweni yemvelo lapho abantu behlala khona.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-22-2024